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Table 3 Multiple regression models of (a) foveal avascular zone area, (b) vessel density, (c) fractal dimension with variables that showed significant associations in univariate analysis, excluding eyes without DME

From: Clinically relevant factors associated with quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography metrics in deep capillary plexus in patients with diabetes

 Beta coefficientStandard error95% CIP-value
(a) Foveal Avascular Zone (FAZ) Area
 Severity of DR
  Severe NPDR or PDR vs. No DR0.3810.379− 0.363 to 1.1240.316
  Moderate NPDR vs. No DR0.1570.157− 0.152 to 0.4650.319
  Mild NPDR vs. No DR0.2560.143−0.024 to 0.5350.073
 LogMAR, per SD increase0.1090.063−0.014 to 0.2330.083
 Axial length, per SD increase−0.2010.057−0.313 to − 0.089< 0.001
 Subfoveal choroidal thickness, per SD increase−0.1310.062−0.252 to − 0.0100.035
 Body mass index, per SD increase−0.0830.049−0.139 to 0.0140.094
Systolic blood pressure, per SD increase0.0650.068−0.067 to 0.1980.335
 Age, per SD increase0.0640.056−0.046 to 0.1740.253
>(b) Vessel Density (VD)
 Severity of DR
  Severe NPDR or PDR vs. No DR−0.6180.275−1.158 to − 0.0790.025
  Moderate NPDR vs. No DR−0.3130.154−0.614 to − 0.0120.042
  Mild NPDR vs. No DR−0.3250.133−0.586 to − 0.0640.015
 Axial length, per SD increase0.01300.0560.021 to 0.2390.019
 LogMAR, per SD increase−0.1250.056−0.235 to − 0.0140.027
 Subfoveal choroidal thickness, per SD increase0.1250.0590.010 to 0.2400.034
 Body mass index, per SD increase0.0810.060−0.037 to 0.1990.177
 Systolic blood pressure, per SD increase−0.0400.061−0.159 to 0.0780.504
 Age, per SD increase−0.0950.062−0.216 to 0.0260.123
(c) Fractal Dimension (FD)
 Severity of DR
  Severe NPDR or PDR vs. No DR−0.8100.201−1.204 to − 0.417< 0.001
  Moderate NPDR vs. No DR−0.3390.191−0.714 to 0.0360.076
  Mild NPDR vs. No DR−0.3100.126−0.556 to − 0.0640.014
 LogMAR, per SD increase−0.0230.095−0.208 to 0.1620.808
 Average GC-IPL, per SD increase−0.0060.045−0.095 to 0.0820.893
 Body mass index, per SD increase0.0990.0450.011 to 0.1870.028
 Systolic blood pressure, per SD increase0.0330.054−0.073 to 0.1400.540
 Age, per SD increase−0.1660.055−0.275 to − 0.0580.003
  1. DME= diabetic macular edema; CI= confidence interval; SD= standard deviation; DR= diabetic retinopathy; NPDR= non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; PDR= proliferative diabetic retinopathy; GC-IPL= ganglion cell inner plexiform layer; LogMAR= logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution
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