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Table 2 Multiple regression models of (a) foveal avascular zone area, (b) vessel density, (c) fractal dimension with variables that showed significant associations in univariate analysis

From: Clinically relevant factors associated with quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography metrics in deep capillary plexus in patients with diabetes

 Beta coefficientStandard error95% CIP-value
(a) Foveal Avascular Zone (FAZ) Area
 Severity of DR
  Severe NPDR or PDR vs. No DR0.6870.3300.041 to 1.3330.037
  Moderate NPDR vs. No DR0.1030.148−0.187 to 0.3920.487
  Mild NPDR vs. No DR0.2210.130−0.034 to 0.4750.089
 Presence of DME0.1380.171− 0.196 to 0.4730.418
 LogMAR, per SD increase0.1020.058−0.012 to 0.2150.079
 Axial length, per SD increase−0.1710.057−0.282 to − 0.0590.003
 Subfoveal choroidal thickness, per SD increase−0.1220.056−0.232 to − 0.0110.031
 Body mass index, per SD increase−0.0900.046−0.180 to − 0.0010.047
 Systolic blood pressure, per SD increase0.0770.067−0.053 to 0.2070.246
 Age, per SD increase0.0510.053−0.052 to 0.1540.336
(b) Vessel Density (VD)
 Severity of DR
  Severe NPDR or PDR vs. No DR−0.8420.245−1.322 to − 0.3630.001
  Moderate NPDR vs. No DR−0.2490.145−0.532 to 0.0350.085
  Mild NPDR vs. No DR−0.3450.124−0.588 to − 0.1010.006
 Presence of DME−0.1600.167−0.488 to 0.1680.340
 Axial length, per SD increase0.1070.0520.005 to 0.2090.039
 LogMAR, per SD increase−0.1330.057−0.245 to − 0.0200.021
 Subfoveal choroidal thickness, per SD increase0.1040.056−0.005 to 0.2130.062
 Body mass index, per SD increase0.0730.054−0.033 to 0.1780.176
 Systolic blood pressure, per SD increase−0.0300.057−0.143 to 0.0820.595
 Age, per SD increase−0.0780.058−0.192 to 0.0360.182
(c) Fractal Dimension (FD)
 Severity of DR
  Severe NPDR or PDR vs. No DR−0.8910.225−1.331 to − 0.451< 0.001
  Moderate NPDR vs. No DR−0.3570.128−0.607 to − 0.1070.005
  Mild NPDR vs. No DR−0.3070.109−0.521 to − 0.0930.005
 LogMAR, per SD increase−0.0740.055−0.183 to 0.0340.180
 Average GC-IPL, per SD increase0.1130.0540.007 to 0.2200.037
 Body mass index, per SD increase0.0770.0370.005 to 0.1490.035
 Systolic blood pressure, per SD increase0.0620.045−0.026 to 0.1510.168
 Age, per SD increase−0.1420.050−0.239 to − 0.0440.004
  1. CI= confidence interval; SD= standard deviation; DR= diabetic retinopathy; NPDR= non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy; PDR= proliferative diabetic retinopathy; DME= diabetic macular edema; GC-IPL= ganglion cell inner plexiform layer; LogMAR= logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution
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